Apparatus for wireless telegraphy and transmissions across space.



No. 798,153. PATENTED AUG. 29, 1905.

A. ARTOM. APPARATUS FOR WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY AND TRANSMISSIONS ACROSS SPACE.

APPLICATION FILED APB-.19, 1904.

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ALESSANDRO ARTOM, or TURIN, ITALY. APPARATUS FOR WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY AND TRANSMISSIONS ACROSSv SPACE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 29, 1905.

Application filed April 19, 1904. Serial No. 203,875.

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I; ALESSANDRO Aii'roM, in-

' dustrial and electrical engineer, professor at the Galileo Ferraris School of the Royal In- Italy, (whose post-ofiice address is 3 Via Venti other suitable oscillator.

Settembre,) have invented certain new and useful Improvements in and Relating to Apparatus for Wireless Telegraphy and Transmissions Across Space; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the, invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to apparatus for the transmission of electrical energy across space and more particularly to that class of apparatus for wireless telegraphy.

The lapparatus which forms the subject of the pr, sent invention is designed to be employed with circularly or elliptically polarized electromagnetic waves for transmitting and receiving telegraphic signals. I

The system for electric signaling is represented in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a diagram of the transmitting I apparatus, the source of high-potential electric current not being indicated, and Fig. 2 is a diagram of the receiving apparatus.

In the transmitting apparatus I employ the two discharge-conductors land 2, or any The discharge-couductor 1 is connected to a condenser 18 that in turn is connected at 41 to a closed loop containing primary coils of transformers 43.

and 44, the self-induction 12 and condenser 19. The other discharge-conductor 2 is electrically connected to the closed loop at 42 at a point opposite to and symmetrical to the point 41. There area pair of masts or aerial conductors 14, 15 and 16, 17 making an angle of ninety degrees with one another, preferably, but not necessarily, crossing one another and suitably insulated. Each mast is connected to one of the grounded secondaries of the transformers 43 and 44. The secondaries are united by suitable wires and grounded at 8, as shown.

The receiving mechanism comprises two masts or aerials 14 15 and 16 17 in the same relative angular relation to one another as the masts at the sending-station and likewise insulated from one another.. Each mast is connected to one element of a transformer 43 and 44 respectively and these elements are connected by wires and grounded at 8. There are two closed circuits 61 and 71, one for each transformer and containing the other element of the transformer. The circuit 61, which contains the other element of the transformer .43 contains besides the battery 62, the coherer 63, relay 64 and the self-induction coil 65, all in series. The circuit. 71 which is similar and symmetrical to the circuit 61 and contains the other element of the transformer 44 also contains battery 72, coherer 73, relay 74 in series, and condenser 75, in a derived circuit. The only difference between the two circuits 61 and 71 is that the former contains a self induction coil in series, in place of the condenser 75 of circuit 71 in derivation. Between the two circuits 61 and 71 is arranged the local-battery circuit or main circuit 81 containing a local battery 82 and a Morse machine or other telegraphic appliance 83 adapted for recording the signals .In the transmitting apparatus, the oscillatorydischarge takes place between the two discharge-conductors 1 and 2, said conductors being connected with a source of high-potential electricity, said source not being represented in the drawings, for the sake of clearness, as both the necessity for the same and the mechanism are well known in electrotechnics.

The parts of the main circuit are traversed by oscillatory currents and the condenser 18 serves to increase thequ antity of current suppliedto the circuit. At the points 41 and 42 branch off two derived circuits, 41, 12, 42 and 41, 19, 42.- The oscillatory currents passing through thesederived circuits induce similar high-potential currents in the secondaries of their. respective transformers 43 and 44, which in turn transmit such currents to the aerials from which the corresponding polarized electromagnetic waves emanate and are received by the corresponding aerialsat the receivingstation, where the transformers 43 and 44 cause a siinultaneous variation in the closed circuits 61 and 71, thereby simultaneously in-, creasing the current in these circuits sufliciently to attract the armatures of'the relays V electric current aerial conductors, means included in said loop to induce oscillatory currents in said aerial conductors, said aerialsbeing placed at an angle to each other corresponding to the time displacement of the oscillations therein to produce polarized electric Waves, and a suitable receiving mechanism, substantially as described.

2. In a system for signaling by electromagnetic Waves, a sending mechanism comprising a closed loop containing one elementof a pair of transformers, means to electrically balance the loop, twodischarge-conductors, each con nected to the loop between the transformer elements and at opposite symmetrical points thereof, said discharge-conductors also connected to a high-potential source of oscillatory electric current, a pair of aerial conductors placed at an angle to each other, a second element of a transformer connected to each aerial said aerial conductors placed at an angle to each other corresponding to the time displacement existing between the oscillatory currents at the sending-station and a suitable receiving mechanism, substantially as described.

3. In a system for signalingby electromagnetic waves, asending mechanism comprising a closed loop containing one element of a pair I of transformers, a self-induction in one part of the loop between the transformers and a capacity in the opposite part of the loop between the transformers, two discharge-conductors, connected to the loop at opposite symmetrical points, a condenser between one of the terminals and the loop, insulated aerial conductors crossing each other at right angles, each aerial connected to the second element of a transformer and grounded, and a 5 suitable receiving mechanism, substantially as described.

4:. In a system for signaling by electromagnetic waves, a sending mechanism comprising an electrically-balanced closed loop,dischargeconductors connected to the loop and aerials at an angle to each other corresponding to the time displacement existing between the oscillatory currents in the sending-circuit and said aerials in inductive relation to the loop, a receiving mechanism comprising similarly-disposed aerials, a pair of symmetrical closed circuits, each in inductive relation to an aerial, a circuit-closer and a receiver of electrical vibrations in each circuit, a local-battery cir- 5 cuit containing a telegraphic receiver, said 10*- cal-battery circuit simultaneously closed by the two circuit-closers, substantially as described.

5. In a system for signaling by electromag- 7 netic waves, a sending mechanism comprising an electrically-balanced closed loop,dischargeconductors connected to the loop, and aerials at an angle to each other correspondingto the time displacement existing between the oscillatory currents set up and said aerials in inductive relation to the loop, a receiving mechanism comprising similarly-disposed aerials,

a pair of symmetrical closed circuits, each, in inductive relation to an aerial, a battery,

coherer, relay and self-induction in one of said circuits and a battery, coherer, relay and condenser in the other closed circuit, a. localbattery circuit containing a telegraphic re: ceiver and simultaneously closed by the two 5 relays, substantially as described. 4

In testimonythat I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EUGEN O G. B. CASETTA, MnLoHIoRRE POLLONE. 

